A bulging or swollen stomach in betta fish is a common problem that can worry fish keepers. While some causes are mild, others can be more serious. This guide will help you identify the reasons behind your betta’s swollen belly and provide step-by-step treatment options.
Common Causes of Stomach Bulge in Betta Fish
1. Overfeeding & Constipation
Signs:
- Rounded belly
- Trouble swimming upright
- Reduced activity
- Lack of poop
Treatment:
- Stop feeding for 2–3 days.
- After fasting, feed a small piece of blanched, peeled pea (acts as a laxative).
- Offer a varied diet (pellets, frozen or live foods) in small portions.
- Feed only 2–3 pellets once or twice daily.
2. Bloating from Gas or Poor Diet
Signs:
- Swelling after eating dry pellets
- Floating near the surface
Treatment:
- Soak pellets before feeding to reduce expansion inside the fish’s stomach.
- Add frozen or live foods like daphnia and bloodworms for better digestion.
3. Dropsy (Serious Condition)
Signs:
- Extreme belly swelling
- Scales sticking out like a pinecone
- Lethargy, loss of appetite
Treatment:
- Isolate betta in a hospital tank.
- Add Epsom salt (1 teaspoon per gallon) to reduce fluid buildup.
- Treat with antibacterial medications (such as Kanamycin or Maracyn-2).
- Note: Dropsy often has a poor outcome if pineconing is visible.
4. Internal Parasites
Signs:
- Bloated belly
- Stringy white poop
- Weight loss despite eating
Treatment:
- Use anti-parasite treatments (e.g., Metronidazole, Praziquantel, or API General Cure).
- Keep water very clean during treatment.
General Care Tips During Treatment
- Maintain water temperature at 78–82°F (25–28°C).
- Perform regular water changes (25–50% every 2–3 days).
- Add aquarium salt (1 teaspoon per 2 gallons) for mild stress relief, short-term use only.
- Always isolate sick fish in a separate hospital tank to prevent stress or spreading illness.
Conclusion
A swollen stomach in betta fish isn’t always a cause for panic. Many cases are due to simple overfeeding or constipation and can be treated with fasting and dietary changes. However, if you see pineconing scales or rapid swelling, it may be a more serious condition like dropsy or parasites. Early diagnosis and proper care can give your betta the best chance of recovery.
